Predictive Vulnerability Intelligence.

Product

  • Product
  • Pricing
  • Documentation

Company

  • About
  • Partnerships
  • Blog
  • Support

Legal

  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Data Licensing

© 2026 FAUCET Technologies LLC. All rights reserved.

CVE-2016-4461

30
FAUCET Score

CVE-2016-4461 is a critical remote code execution vulnerability affecting Apache Struts versions prior to 2.3.29, stemming from an incomplete fix for a previous vulnerability. Attackers can exploit this by injecting a "%{}" sequence into a tag attribute, leading to forced double OGNL evaluation. This vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 8.8 (High), indicating a high potential for impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. While no public exploit intelligence (Metasploit, Nuclei, ExploitDB) is currently available and it's not listed on the KEV catalog, its high FAUCET Risk Score of 73/100 suggests significant risk, despite minimal community discussion or media coverage.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
>= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_balance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.0

8.8HIGH

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
LOW
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
2.8
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.0

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
8.02%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
94.2%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0802 is in the 93rd percentile among its peer group of 17,844 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.2 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (1)

mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts:struts2-coreFixed in: 2.3.29

Vendor Advisories (1)

mavenGHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fjhigh

Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation

May 14, 2022

References

security.netapp.com / advisory/ntap-20180629-0004
Third Party Advisory
struts.apache.org / docs/s2-036.html
MitigationVendor Advisory
securityfocus.com / bid/91277
Third Party AdvisoryVDB Entry