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CVE-2016-4436

34
FAUCET Score

CVE-2016-4436 is a critical vulnerability affecting Apache Struts 2 versions before 2.3.29 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1, stemming from improper action name cleanup. With a CVSS score of 9.8, it allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability with low attack complexity. While no public exploit code or active exploitation is indicated, its high FAUCET Risk Score of 86/100 and mention in media coverage suggest significant potential impact.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
2.0.0CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.0.1CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.0.2CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.0.3CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.0.4CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.0

9.8CRITICAL

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.0

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
6.55%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
93.1%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0655 is in the 88th percentile among its peer group of 36,897 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.3 Mastodon, and 2.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.3 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (2)

mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts:struts2-coreFixed in: 2.3.29
mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts:struts2-coreFixed in: 2.5.1

Vendor Advisories (2)

mavenGHSA-xm92-v2mq-842qcritical

Apache Struts improper action name cleanup

May 17, 2022
redhatCVE-2016-4436Low

struts: Action name clean up is error prone

Jun 17, 2016

References

struts.apache.org / docs/s2-035.html
Vendor Advisory
www-01.ibm.com / support/docview.wss
Third Party Advisory
www-01.ibm.com / support/docview.wss
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html
securityfocus.com / bid/91280
Third Party Advisory