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CVE-2016-4431

27
FAUCET Score

CVE-2016-4431 describes a vulnerability in Apache Struts versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1, allowing remote attackers to bypass access restrictions and perform redirection attacks. Rated with a CVSS score of 7.5 (HIGH), this vulnerability is easily exploitable over the network without user interaction, leading to high integrity impacts. Despite its severity, there is no evidence of active exploitation, public exploit code, or significant community discussion surrounding this CVE.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
2.3.20CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.3.20.1CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.3.20.3CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.3.24CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
2.3.24.1CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.0

7.5HIGH

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
NONE
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
NONE
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
3.6
CvssVersion
3.0

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
9.68%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
95.0%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0968 is in the 92nd percentile among its peer group of 51,551 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (1)

mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts:struts-parentFixed in: 2.3.29

Vendor Advisories (2)

mavenGHSA-vq79-mgpx-2wx4high

Apache Struts Access Control Redirect

May 17, 2022
redhatCVE-2016-4431Moderate

struts: Possible manipulation of return result and bypassing validation

Jun 17, 2016

References

jvndb.jvn.jp / jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000113
VDB EntryVendor Advisory
jvn.jp / en/jp/JVN45093481/index.html
Vendor Advisory
bugzilla.redhat.com / show_bug.cgi
Issue Tracking
struts.apache.org / docs/s2-040.html
Vendor Advisory
www-01.ibm.com / support/docview.wss
Third Party Advisory
www-01.ibm.com / support/docview.wss
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html
securityfocus.com / bid/91284