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CVE-2025-12044

28
FAUCET Score

CVE-2025-12044 is an unauthenticated denial-of-service vulnerability affecting HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise, stemming from a regression that allows JSON payload processing before rate limiting. With a CVSS score of 7.5 (HIGH), this vulnerability can be exploited remotely with low attack complexity, leading to a complete loss of availability for the affected system. Currently, there is no evidence of active exploitation, public exploit code (Metasploit, Nuclei, ExploitDB), or significant community discussion or media coverage surrounding this CVE.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
>= 1.16.25, < 1.16.27CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
>= 1.18.14, <= 1.18.15CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
>= 1.19.9, <= 1.19.11CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
>= 1.20.3, < 1.20.5CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
>= 1.20.3, < 1.21.0CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

7.5HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
NONE
Integrity Impact
NONE
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
3.6
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
0.53%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
41.6%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0053 is in the 19th percentile among its peer group of 51,551 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (25)

gopatch availablevia ghsa
Product: github.com/hashicorp/vaultFixed in: 1.21.0
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/fulcio-rhel9:sha256:b19900ebbf9cac67196127a60ea2434a8ce2011b17bab15a0e7fc96cf38a63fa
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/rekor-cli-rhel9:sha256:3782ef36eac0a40b3b8d018476d0af7505d2a81f0ccb993644e8c5f20f1cd566
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/rekor-server-rhel9:sha256:799b0b86f83f0fdf450ecbd2726419570b15f6ec5ba5b814750d45b8269e4dac
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/timestamp-authority-rhel9:sha256:7b3eb9108c50321278ccad2032b3fb365911df83084cca953dd068cdd51f7874
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/client-server-rhel9:sha256:cddda466bc9957f1c3902da3a0cf37ef3ec08f4aeb8c50a421405540120b75cf
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/cosign-rhel9:sha256:a6f3dba2c7ec8cdf7a87a2e8679da66c2248b44c7e15611205f096a6c1629f88
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/gitsign-rhel9:sha256:882d508ec7d71fb3e13ee240ee295ee91884700d63029bb58bd456b6d23fd5e0
View patch
redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed in: rhtas/policy-controller-rhel9:sha256:7172d6a08594cccd155c2f74110cfbafadb812af84bb6b75c8bec1e3c416bd26
View patch
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/cephcsi-rhel9
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: OpenShift PipelinesFixed in: openshift-pipelines-client
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/odf-cli-rhel9
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/odf-rhel9-operator
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/rook-ceph-rhel9-operator
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Trusted Artifact SignerFixed in: rhtas/rekor-backfill-redis-rhel9
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/mcg-cli-rhel9
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/mcg-rhel9-operator
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/ocs-metrics-exporter-rhel9
redhatno patchvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4Fixed in: odf4/ocs-rhel9-operator
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4Fixed in: openshift4/oc-mirror-plugin-rhel9
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech PreviewFixed in: external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-operator-rhel9
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: Zero Trust Workload Identity Manager - Tech PreviewFixed in: zero-trust-workload-identity-manager/spiffe-spire-agent-rhel9
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: Zero Trust Workload Identity Manager - Tech PreviewFixed in: zero-trust-workload-identity-manager/spiffe-spire-oidc-discovery-provider-rhel9
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: Zero Trust Workload Identity Manager - Tech PreviewFixed in: zero-trust-workload-identity-manager/spiffe-spire-server-rhel9

Vendor Advisories (2)

goGHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wfhigh

Hashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON

Oct 23, 2025
redhatCVE-2025-12044Important

github.com/hashicorp/vault: Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression

Oct 23, 2025

References

discuss.hashicorp.com / t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710
Vendor Advisory