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CVE-2023-33241

28
FAUCET Score

CVE-2023-33241 is a critical vulnerability affecting crypto wallets that implement the GG18 or GG20 Threshold Signature Scheme (TSS) protocols. An attacker can exploit this by injecting a malicious Paillier key and manipulating the range proof, potentially extracting the full ECDSA private key. This attack, which may require 16 or more signatures depending on protocol parameters, carries a CVSS score of 9.1 (Critical) due to its network-based attack vector, low complexity, and high impact on confidentiality and integrity. While no active exploits or public exploit code are currently reported, the vulnerability has garnered some community discussion and media coverage, indicating awareness of its significant risk.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:gg18_project:gg18:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:gg20_project:gg20:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

9.6CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
LOW
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
CHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
NONE
Exploitability Score
3.1
Impact Score
5.8
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
1.02%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
59.7%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0102 is in the 45th percentile among its peer group of 36,835 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.3 Mastodon, and 2.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.3 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Remediation records are not available for this CVE.

References

eprint.iacr.org / 2019/114.pdf
ExploitThird Party Advisory
eprint.iacr.org / 2020/540.pdf
ExploitThird Party Advisory
github.com / fireblocks-labs/mpc-ecdsa-attacks-23
Exploit
github.com / fireblocks-labs/safeheron-gg20-exploit-poc
Exploit
fireblocks.com / blog/gg18-and-gg20-paillier-key-vulnerability-technical-report
Third Party Advisory