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CVE-2023-29389

22
FAUCET Score

CVE-2023-29389 describes a critical vulnerability in 2021 Toyota RAV4 vehicles where the CAN bus automatically trusts messages from other ECUs. This allows a physically proximate attacker to gain full control of the vehicle by sending forged "Key is validated" messages via CAN injection after accessing the headlight connector. With a CVSS score of 6.8 (Medium), the attack requires physical access but is low complexity, leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. This vulnerability has been actively exploited in the wild, as evidenced by incidents in July 2022 and media coverage, despite no public exploit code or Metasploit modules being available.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
2021CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:toyota:rav4_firmware:2021:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

6.8MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
PHYSICAL
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
0.9
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
0.66%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
47.6%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0066 is in the 86th percentile among its peer group of 1,531 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.0 Mastodon, and 0.1 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.2 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Remediation records are not available for this CVE.

References

kentindell.github.io / 2023/04/03/can-injection
ExploitThird Party Advisory
news.ycombinator.com / item
Issue Tracking