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CVE-2023-28725

37
FAUCET Score

CVE-2023-28725 is a critical remote code execution vulnerability affecting General Bytes Crypto Application Server (CAS) versions up to 20230120, as distributed with their BATM devices. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by uploading a malicious Java application to a specific directory, leading to arbitrary Java code execution. This vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 9.1 (Critical) due to its network-based attack vector, low complexity, and complete compromise of confidentiality and integrity. The vulnerability was actively exploited in the wild in March 2023, though no public exploit code or significant community discussion has been observed.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
20230120CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:generalbytes:crypto_application_server:20230120:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

9.1CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
NONE
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
5.2
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
20.61%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
97.3%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-27
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.2061 is in the 94th percentile among its peer group of 36,897 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.3 Mastodon, and 2.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.3 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Remediation records are not available for this CVE.

References

arstechnica.com / information-technology/2023/03/hackers-drain-bitcoin-atms-of-1-5-million-by-exploiting-0-day-bug
Press/Media Coverage
generalbytes.atlassian.net / wiki/spaces/ESD/pages/2885222430/Security+Incident+March+17-18th+2023
ExploitVendor Advisory
generalbytes.atlassian.net / wiki/spaces/ESD/pages/951418958/Update+CAS
Mitigation
twitter.com / generalbytes/status/1637192687160897537
Issue Tracking
web3isgoinggreat.com / single/general-bytes-crypto-atms-exploited-for-over-1-6-million
Third Party Advisory
bleepingcomputer.com / news/security/general-bytes-bitcoin-atms-hacked-using-zero-day-15m-stolen
Press/Media Coverage
generalbytes.com / en/support/changelog
Release Notes