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CVE-2023-28531

35
FAUCET Score

CVE-2023-28531 is a critical vulnerability in OpenSSH versions 8.9 through 9.2, where the ssh-add utility incorrectly adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without proper per-hop destination constraints. This flaw, affecting products like NetApp and OpenBSD, carries a CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a severe risk of compromise (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability). While there is no known active exploitation or public exploit code (Metasploit, Nuclei, ExploitDB), the vulnerability has garnered significant community discussion, suggesting awareness and potential future exploitation.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
>= 8.9, < 9.3CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:openbsd:openssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:netapp:brocade_fabric_operating_system:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:netapp:hci_bootstrap_os:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Range not provided by sourceCPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:netapp:solidfire_element_os:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

9.8CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
2.27%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
81.2%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-26
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0227 is in the 71st percentile among its peer group of 36,835 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.3 Mastodon, and 2.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.3 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (8)

denopatch availablevia llm_extracted
View patch
keraspatch availablevia llm_extracted
View patch
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: CBL Mariner 1.0 x64Fixed in: 8.9p1-2
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: CBL Mariner 1.0 ARMFixed in: 8.9p1-2
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: CBL Mariner 2.0 x64Fixed in: 8.9p1-5
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: cm1 openssh 8.9p1-2 on CBL Mariner 1.0Fixed in: 8.9p1-2
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: CBL Mariner 2.0 ARMFixed in: 8.9p1-5
microsoftpatch availablevia msrc
Product: cbl2 openssh 8.9p1-5 on CBL Mariner 2.0Fixed in: 8.9p1-5

Vendor Advisories (5)

microsoft2024-Jun/CVE-2023-28531

CVE-2023-28531

Jun 11, 2024
denollm-deno-650ac71876afb4f8CRITICAL

HP ThinPro 8.1 SP 2 Security Updates

Apr 12, 2024
kerasllm-keras-d13bbd8768a57997CRITICAL

HP ThinPro 8.1 SP 2 Security Updates

Apr 12, 2024
redhatCVE-2023-28531Moderate

openssh: smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints.

Mar 17, 2023
microsoft2023-Mar/CVE-2023-28531Critical

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

Mar 14, 2023

References

cert-portal.siemens.com / productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
cert-portal.siemens.com / productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
lists.fedoraproject.org / archives/list/[email protected]/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT
lists.fedoraproject.org / archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT
security.gentoo.org / glsa/202307-01
Third Party Advisory
security.netapp.com / advisory/ntap-20230413-0008
Third Party Advisory
debian.org / security/2023/dsa-5586
openwall.com / lists/oss-security/2023/03/15/8
Mailing ListRelease Notes