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CVE-2023-1389

98
FAUCET Score

CVE-2023-1389 is a critical command injection vulnerability affecting TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) routers with firmware versions prior to 1.1.4 Build 20230219. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root via a simple POST request to the web management interface due to improper sanitization of the country parameter. With a CVSS score of 8.8 (HIGH), the vulnerability is easily exploitable over the network with no user interaction, leading to complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This CVE is actively exploited in the wild, listed in CISA's KEV catalog, and has publicly available exploit code, including Nuclei templates and an ExploitDB entry, with significant community discussion and media coverage highlighting its use by various botnets.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
< 1.1.4CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:archer_ax21_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

8.8HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
ADJACENT_NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
2.8
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
100.00%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
100.0%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-26
Model: v2026.06.15
Added to KEV · May 1, 2023
Nuclei: CVE-2023-1389 · May 22, 2025
ExploitDB: EDB-51677 · Aug 10, 2023
This CVE's current EPSS score of 1.0000 is in the 100th percentile among its peer group of 1,859 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.2 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.2 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (5)

watchguardpatch availablevia llm_extracted
View patch
jfrogvendor investigatingvia llm_extracted
lfedgevendor investigatingvia llm_extracted
linkacevendor investigatingvia llm_extracted
markusprojectvendor investigatingvia llm_extracted

Vendor Advisories (5)

jfrogllm-jfrog-bfff1ac335008851HIGH

Unauthenticated Command Injection in TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800)

Mar 14, 2023
lfedgellm-lfedge-95e1d53909ded2ffHIGH

Unauthenticated Command Injection in TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800)

Mar 14, 2023
markusprojectllm-markusproject-2280c0927b9940bfHIGH

Unauthenticated Command Injection in TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800)

Mar 14, 2023
linkacellm-linkace-db6ea5756f8b1ec6HIGH

Unauthenticated Command Injection in TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800)

Mar 14, 2023
watchguardllm-watchguard-c8dd10a3b72097e6

Statement on Archer AX21 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

References

cisa.gov / known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
US Government Resource
packetstormsecurity.com / files/174131/TP-Link-Archer-AX21-Command-Injection.html
ExploitThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
tenable.com / security/research/tra-2023-11
ExploitThird Party Advisory