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CVE-2019-5427

26
FAUCET Score

CVE-2019-5427 describes a denial-of-service vulnerability in c3p0 versions prior to 0.9.5.4, affecting products like fedoraproject, mchange, and Oracle. This flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a "billion laughs" attack by exploiting missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading XML configuration. With a CVSS score of 7.5 (High), the vulnerability can lead to high availability impact due to resource exhaustion. There is no evidence of active exploitation, publicly available exploit code, or significant community discussion surrounding this CVE.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
< 0.9.5.4CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:mchange:c3p0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
29CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
30CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
7.3.0CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_ip_service_activator:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
7.4.0CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_ip_service_activator:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

7.5HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
NONE
Integrity Impact
NONE
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
3.6
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
4.88%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
91.1%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-25
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0488 is in the 84th percentile among its peer group of 51,485 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (3)

redhatpatch availablevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Fuse 7.6.0Fixed in: c3p0
View patch
redhatvendor investigatingvia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat OpenShift Application RuntimesFixed in: c3p0
redhatend of lifevia redhat_api
Product: Red Hat Storage 3Fixed in: c3p0

Vendor Advisories (2)

mavenGHSA-84p2-vf58-xhxvhigh

Billion laughs attack in c3p0

Apr 23, 2019
redhatCVE-2019-5427Low

c3p0: loading XML configuration leads to denial of service

Apr 17, 2019

References

hackerone.com / reports/509315
ExploitIssue TrackingPatchThird Party Advisory
lists.fedoraproject.org / archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BFIVX6HOVNLAM7W3SUAMHYRNLCVQSAWR
Third Party Advisory
lists.fedoraproject.org / archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MQ47OFV57Y2DAHMGA5H3JOL4WHRWRFN4
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / security-alerts/cpujan2021.html
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / security-alerts/cpujul2020.html
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html
Third Party Advisory
oracle.com / security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html
Third Party Advisory