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CVE-2016-5431

23
FAUCET Score

CVE-2016-5431 describes a key confusion/algorithm substitution vulnerability in the JWS component of the PHP JOSE Library by Gree Inc. prior to version 2.2.1, allowing attackers to bypass signature verification through crafted tokens. This vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 score of 7.5 (HIGH), indicating a network-based attack with low complexity and high integrity impact, but no confidentiality or availability impact. Despite its high severity, there is no evidence of active exploitation, no known public exploit code (Metasploit, Nuclei, ExploitDB), and minimal community discussion or media coverage.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
< 2.2.1CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:php_jose_project:php_jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

7.5HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
NONE
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
NONE
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
3.6
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
0.93%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
56.9%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-25
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0093 is in the 32nd percentile among its peer group of 51,485 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.1 Mastodon, and 0.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (2)

composerpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: gree/joseFixed in: 2.2.1
github_advisorypatch availablevia nvd_reference
View patch

Vendor Advisories (1)

composerGHSA-xm5f-hc9r-76f3high

PHP JOSE Library by Gree Inc. Uses a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm

May 24, 2022

References

github.com / nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b
Patch