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CVE-2015-7225

16
FAUCET Score

CVE-2015-7225 affects Tinfoil Devise-two-factor versions prior to 2.0.0, stemming from an improper implementation of RFC 6238 where successfully validated one-time passwords (OTPs) are not invalidated. This medium-severity vulnerability (CVSS 5.3) allows authenticated attackers to reuse an OTP within the same time-step, potentially gaining unauthorized access to a user's account. Exploitation requires a man-in-the-middle attack or shoulder surfing to obtain the OTP, making the attack complexity high. There is no evidence of active exploitation, public exploit code, or significant community discussion surrounding this CVE.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
<= 1.1.0CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:tinfoilsecurity:devise-two-factor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.0

5.3MEDIUM

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
HIGH
Privileges Required
LOW
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
NONE
Availability Impact
NONE
Exploitability Score
1.6
Impact Score
3.6
CvssVersion
3.0

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
1.78%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
76.0%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-24
Model: v2026.06.15
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.0178 is in the 81st percentile among its peer group of 1,425 CVEs.

Social Chatter

No social media mentions found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.0 Reddit, 0.1 Bluesky, 0.0 Mastodon, and 0.1 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

No media coverage found for this CVE.

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.1 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (1)

rubygemspatch availablevia ghsa
Product: devise-two-factorFixed in: 2.0.0

Vendor Advisories (1)

rubygemsGHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7medium

Tinfoil Devise-two-factor does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (OTP)

Aug 28, 2018

References

bugs.debian.org / cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi
Mailing ListThird Party Advisory
github.com / tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md
Third Party Advisory
github.com / tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45
Third Party Advisory
openwall.com / lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4
Mailing ListVDB Entry
openwall.com / lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2
Mailing ListVDB Entry
securityfocus.com / bid/76789
Third Party AdvisoryVDB Entry