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CVE-2012-0391

97
FAUCET Score

CVE-2012-0391 is a critical remote code execution vulnerability affecting Apache Struts versions prior to 2.2.3.1. It arises from the ExceptionDelegator component improperly interpreting parameter values as OGNL expressions during specific exception handling, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary Java code. With a CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) and an EPSS score of 0.883, this vulnerability is easily exploitable over the network with low complexity and no user interaction, leading to complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This flaw is actively exploited in the wild, with readily available exploit modules in Metasploit and multiple entries in ExploitDB, and has garnered significant community discussion and media coverage.

Impacted Technologies

VendorProductVersion(s)CPE
< 2.2.3.1CPE matchmatch criteria
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

CVSS Data

CVSS version used by this source: 3.1

9.8CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
Exploitability Score
3.9
Impact Score
5.9
CvssVersion
3.1

Exploit Intelligence

EPSS Score
75.07%
Probability of exploitation in next 30 days
EPSS Percentile
99.5%
Percentile rank of EPSS score among Peer Group
As of 2026-07-25
Model: v2026.06.15
Added to KEV · Jan 21, 2022
Metasploit: Apache Struts Remote Command Execution · Jan 6, 2012
ExploitDB: EDB-18984 · Jun 5, 2012
This CVE's current EPSS score of 0.7507 is in the 98th percentile among its peer group of 36,833 CVEs.

Social Chatter

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.0 Twitter, 0.1 Reddit, 0.3 Bluesky, 0.3 Mastodon, and 2.4 GitHub mentions.

Media Mentions

The average CVE in this peer group has 0.3 InfoSec Media, 0.0 Vendor Blog, and 0.0 Security Researcher mentions.

Remediation

Patch Available

Vendor Patches (2)

mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts:struts2-coreFixed in: 2.2.3.1
mavenpatch availablevia ghsa
Product: org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-coreFixed in: 2.2.3.1

Vendor Advisories (2)

mavenGHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92wcritical

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

May 4, 2022
redhatCVE-2012-0391Important

struts: User input is evaluated as an OGNL expression when there's a conversion error

Aug 5, 2011

References

cisa.gov / known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
US Government Resource
archives.neohapsis.com / archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html
Broken LinkExploit
secunia.com / advisories/47393
Vendor Advisory
issues.apache.org / jira/browse/WW-3668
Vendor Advisory
struts.apache.org / 2.x/docs/s2-008.html
Vendor Advisory
struts.apache.org / 2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html
Vendor Advisory
sec-consult.com / files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt
Broken LinkExploit
exploit-db.com / exploits/18329
Exploit